TECHNICAL SCIENCES

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-7-17

A.V. Achkasov1, M.V. Solodilov1, N.N. Litvinov1, P.A. Chubunov2, V.K. Zolnikov1, D.V. Shekhovtsov3, O.L. Bordyuzha1

Features of the design of microcircuits made using deep-submicron technologies
  • 1Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov

    2Research Institute of Space Device Engineering

    3JSC «Russian Electronics»

  • Noise and signal integrity are important factors influencing the design process of microcircuits made using submicron technology. Currently, there is some difference in what design engineers can design and what can be manufactured with the right level of quality and reliability. Therefore, it is necessary to create a fundamentally new methodology for verifying VLSI projects with deep submicron design standards. In order to calculate the percentage of good chips manufactured, it is required to identify vulnerable effects and phenomena from the point of view of submicron technology. In this paper, the effect of noise on various types of microcircuits is studied and recommendations are given for limiting noise. One of the options for achieving the optimal balance between noise, noise immunity and microcircuit parameters is to add margins when calculating the VLSI parameters. The paper shows that VLSI projects with nanometer topological norms must undergo an additional process of verifying the parameters and functioning in general before issuing information for the production of photomasks. Verification requires the use of an integrated set of software tools that are certified in real production conditions.
  • Ключевые слова — VLSI, deep submicron technologies, design, radio electronic products, spacecraft.

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  • С. 7-17.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-17-23

M.N. Barsukova1, Ya.M. Ivanyo1, I.M. Kolokoltseva1

On some models of optimization of crop production under conditions of biological risks
  • 1Irkutsk State Agricultural University named after A.A. Ezhevsky, Molodezhny, Russia

  • The aim of the work is to build and use problems of parametric and stochastic programming to solve problems of optimizing the production of agricultural products under conditions of biological risks. To achieve the goal, two tasks were solved: determining the patterns of variability of some series characterizing possible risks in crop production, and building mathematical models to optimize crop production, taking into account the damage caused by plant pests. The paper proposes models for optimizing the production of crop products under conditions of biological risks. Some indicators of such tasks are described using probabilistic estimates. To optimize the production of agricultural products under the influence of biological risks, mathematical models with probabilistic estimates, as well as a parametric programming model, were built. Examples of approbation of models in the planning of production of crop production are given. The work used materials on the number of rodents, invasions of locust pests for the long-term period 2009-2020. according to the Irkutsk region. In addition, information on the yield of agricultural crops in the municipalities of the southern territory of the region, as well as data on the activities of CJSC Irkutsk Semen, located in the Irkutsk region, are involved. To model series on the number of rodents, areas of distribution of acridoids and the number of their larvae per unit area, methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics were used (technologies for constructing probability distribution laws, regression analysis and assessment of the quality of models). The variability of agricultural crop yields was assessed using the methods of constructing trends and factor dependencies. When optimizing the production of crop products, methods for constructing and solving extreme problems were used. Models of parametric and stochastic programming are proposed. At the same time, the experience of developing applied models for optimizing the production of agricultural products with and without taking into account risks was applied.
  • Ключевые слова — Biological risks, mathematical model, optimization, agriculture, region.

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  • С. 17-23.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-24-23

S.A. Evdokimova1, K.V. Frolov1, A.I. Novikov1

Analysis of the dealer car service spare range using the FP-Growth algorithm
  • 1Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • In the current conditions of instability and a rapidly changing economy, mathematical methods and intelligent information technologies used in making managerial decisions in various fields play an important role. It is especially necessary to approach carefully the process of securing stocks of products sold, which is necessary for the profit of a car service company. The company in its activity requires a wide range of cars spare parts. The lack of necessary parts can provoke a long downtime of cars waiting for the technical maintenance or the customer's refusal from service. Excess parts that have not been sold for a long time require increased storage costs. In this article, the FP-Growth algorithm is used to analyze the range of cars spare parts for dealer car service company, which solves the problem of finding associative rules. This task is based on searching in a large volume of source data for relationships in the form of if X, then Y. The FP-Growth algorithm differs from other methods of searching for associative rules by the procedure of constructing a tree of variants of sets of objects, which allows to reduce the search for possible variations and reduce the number of iterations. To implement the proposed algorithm, the Loginom Community analytical system was used. As a result, sets of spare parts were identified, often used together in the current repair of cars.
  • Ключевые слова — Car service company, spare parts, assortment analysis, search for associative rules, FP-Growth algorithm, FP-tree, Loginom system.

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  • С. 24-33.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-34-43

S.D. Nikolenko1, S.A.Sazonova1, Yu.A. Inyakova1

The process of surveying the technical condition of the building of the elevator of the silo building
  • 1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Technical University», This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • This article is devoted to the analysis of the technical condition of the building and structures of the silo elevator on the basis of the survey. The state of the foundations, walls, ceiling of the silo and columns installed at the corners of the silo to the height of the silo is shown. The purpose of the study was a visual inspection of the reinforced concrete load-bearing structures of the silo elevator. Some results of the performed instrumental studies of structures and materials at the facility are given. Defects and damage to the main load-bearing building reinforced concrete structures and the general condition of the hull were identified visually. An analysis of the main load-bearing building structures of the building showed: the columns and walls have a “limited operational technical condition” - there are signs of a violation of the working capacity and the bearing capacity of the structures; farms have a "limited working technical condition" - there are signs of a violation of working capacity, and the bearing capacity of structures; the coating has a "limited working technical condition" - there are signs of a violation of the working capacity, and the bearing capacity of the structures. The technical condition of the building as a whole is assessed as “workable technical condition”. The phase of the period of operation of the building was determined. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the safe operation of the building under study.
  • Ключевые слова — Inspection, technical condition, degree of damage, defects, building structures, silo building, elevator.

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  • С. 34-43.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-44-52

S.D. Nikolenko1, S.A. Sazonova1, E.I. Maltseva1

The process of technical inspection of the puppet theater
  • 11Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Technical University», This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • The report of the inspection of the load-bearing building structures of the puppet theater building was analyzed. During the analysis, it was revealed that the operational reliability and durability of the building structures basically do not meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents. During the inspection of the technical condition, defects were identified that were acquired at the stage of building construction and during operation. Based on the instrumental examination of the building's load-bearing structures, a conclusion was made on the operational reliability and recommendations were given for further normal operation. Measures have been developed to improve the technical condition of the research object. Proposed: to ensure the normative technical condition of water-bearing communications; perform a waterproof coating of sidewalks; provide for maintaining the required temperature and humidity conditions in the premises, basements and technical undergrounds; transform the system for collecting wastewater from the ceiling of the open gallery; protect from atmospheric influences the joints of the steel beams of the gallery ceiling with columns; perform corrosion protection of steel structures; perform a set of works to protect the structures of the building and the outer walls of the technical underground from moisture; perform a set of works to protect against moisture the base of foundations, composed of subsidence soils; organize continuous monitoring of the state of the building with the maintenance of a log of observations.
  • Ключевые слова — Puppet theatre, load-bearing structures, analysis of the technical condition, defects, operation, measures, protection of the building from moisture.

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DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-53-60

T.P. Novikova1, S.A. Evdokimova1, U Gotsui1

Development of a quantitative investment algorithm based on Random Forest
  • 1Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • In modern research of the stock market, specialists and scientists are improving algorithms and models, combining them with each other, with strategies and market conditions for stock selection. This paper presents an overview of stock selection models for quantitative investment, which was the basis for the proposed procedure and algorithm of quantitative investment, which allow modeling the investment process. The developed algorithm is based on the CART decision tree and Random Forest, which includes the bagging algorithm. The bagging algorithm divides the training set into several new training sets that build their own calculation models, and then their results are summed and integrated to obtain the final prediction. The randomness of Random Forest comes into play in the process of selecting samples from the training dataset and in selecting features to calculate the best split points. However, the proposed strategy is more stable than other stock selection strategies, is more suitable for building quantitative stock selection models, the proposed algorithm has an advantage over other algorithms, and is also more promising for further development.
  • Ключевые слова — Quantitative investment, Random Forest, algorithm, strategy, decision tree.

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DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-61-69

T.P. Novikova1, N.V. Panina1, E.A. Anikeev1, Zhang Jianzong1

Model development for optimizing the base station site choice on the PMET-PSO algorithm
  • 1Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • Existing research in the field of mathematical modeling of base station planning, using intelligent optimization algorithms to solve potential schemes for generating base station distributions, is complex and, for the most part, mathematical models for choosing a base station site require simplification. Also, the existing models for choosing the base station site solve the problem in two-dimensional space and do not take into account the influence of terrain and other factors. Having incorporated the concept of membrane computing into the basis of the MET-PSO algorithm, the PMET-PSO algorithm was developed. The PMET-PSO algorithm is a redesign of the METROPOLIS sample in the simulated annealing algorithm, projects the probability of accepting METROPOLIS in accordance with the number of iterations of the particle swarm algorithm and determines whether to obtain an individual optimal position and a global optimal position generated by a new round of iterations in accordance with probability, thereby adding randomness to the particle swarm algorithm. As the number of iterations increases, the randomness of the particle swarm algorithm decreases, and it converges to an optimal solution. PMET-PSO allows parallel computing, which effectively reduces the time complexity of the MET-PSO algorithm.
  • Ключевые слова — MET-PSO, membrane systems, genetic algorithm, base station.

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  • С. 61-69.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-69-81

S.A. Sazonova1, T.V. Zyazina2, V.A. Goryunov2

Modeling of options for the development of a fire at an object of mass stay of people
  • 1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Voronezh State Technical University», This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    2«Voronezh State Pedagogical University», This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • The operational-tactical characteristics of the object of mass stay of people of the Municipality of the Cinema and Concert Hall "October" in Lipetsk are considered. The layout of the object of protection, the existing external and internal fire-fighting water supply are given. The calculation of forces and means for extinguishing a fire in the auditorium on the first floor of the facility, as well as in the control room on the second floor, was carried out. It is noted that, based on the practice of extinguishing fires, the most effective fire extinguishing agents in enclosed spaces are water and foam. A diagram of the possible development of a fire is shown in the figure. The calculation of the required number of barrels, vehicles and the number of personnel for extinguishing and protecting the premises of the object under consideration was carried out. A diagram of the deployment of fire departments on the ground to extinguish a fire in the auditorium of this object is given. The organization of communication during fire extinguishing is considered. Based on the calculations performed, it was concluded that there are enough forces and means to extinguish these fires according to the first or second options for the development of a possible fire, it is not necessary to attract additional forces and means for the second fire rank.
  • Ключевые слова — Modeling, fire safety, crowded object, fire development schemes, calculation of forces and means, fire extinguishing deployment, fire extinguishing systems.

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  • С. 69-81.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-82-93

E.A. Shipilova1, E.E. Nekrylov1, T.V. Kurchenkova1

Analysis and modeling of online service user behavior trajectories using the RETENTIONEERING platform
  • 11Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • The active development and widespread distribution of online stores and sales sites sets the task for marketers and IT specialists to analyze the results of sites and customer behavior to maximize store profits and predict the development of online sales. The article provides an analysis of the purchasing activity of Internet users of various categories in various periods, the postulates of online trading are formulated. To comprehensively analyze the impact of a variety of factors, predict the demand for goods, form additional recommendations and special support for purchases, the authors offer an integrated approach based on taking into account traditional components, and using the latest tools and software products for analyzing the behavior of online buyers. As a system of analysis, the Retentioneering platform is considered as the most representative and meets the modern requirements for business intelligence systems. The use of platform tools simplifies the processing and analysis of event flows, user behavior trajectories, user classification, allows you to create logical connections and functions for machine learning when predicting a user's category and behavior, as well as the likelihood of a target event - making a purchase based on previously collected data on user behavior. Based on a set of statistics on the behavior of online store buyers, the article discusses such tools for analyzing the Retentioneering platform as an interactive graph of visualization of the behavior trajectory, the matrix of steps and transitions, conversion funnels, clustering the behavior of vectoring user trajectories. Clustering methods use multivariate space convolution algorithms. The UMAP and t-SNE algorithms are considered as dimensionality reduction methods. The main stages and formulas of implementation of convolution algorithms are given, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. These algorithms simplify the process of finding global minima, and improve the quality of rendering. The described algorithms and methods allow you to analyze the behavior of visitors to the online store, combine users into clusters with a similar behavior strategy according to various target features, identify the most pressing problems and bottlenecks of the network platform.
  • Ключевые слова — Online store, online shopping, online marketing, customer activity, business intelligence systems, Retentioneering platform, user behavior trajectory, event log, target event, user behavior visualization graph, step matrix, transition matrix, conversion funnels, user behavior clustering, trajectory vectoring, convolution methods, UMAP algorithm, T-SNE algorithm, binary search algorithm, gradient descent method, weighted directed graph.

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DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-94-105

A.I. Yankov1

Diagnostics of complex-functional ECB during radiation resistance tests
  • 1LLC «SPE Detector»

  • The ionizing radiation of outer space provokes the appearance of radiation effects in the electronic component base (ECB) of spacecraft. The resulting radiation effects depend on the semiconductor structures used. Therefore, the topic of work related to the diagnosis of electronic components during testing for radiation resistance is relevant. The article discusses examples of diagnostics of such complex functional microcircuits as a microcontroller and a processor system on a chip. The functional control algorithm of the tested microcircuit includes testing the on-chip RAM, ADC, microcircuit core (ALU), UART, SPI serial interfaces. After the analysis of the functional capabilities of the microcircuit and the capabilities of test facilities and auxiliary equipment, it was decided to use the double control technique. This technique, when testing complex-functional products of electronic technology, provides control of the static parameters of the microcircuit and functional control of one core according to a given algorithm. To control microcircuits during radiation resistance testing, a functional control unit was developed, which includes a specialized testing board and implements various RAM testing modes (writing, storing, cyclic reading of information).
  • Ключевые слова — Electronic component base, VLSI, CMOS technology, radiation resistance, testing.

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  • С. 94-105.

PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-106-115

K.V. Zolnikov1, N.G. Gamzatov2, S.A. Evdokimova3, A.N. Potapov4, R.V. Dopira5, Yu.S. Kucherov5, I.E. Yanochkin5, S.V. Stoyanov6, A.M. Plotnikov6

Modeling of processes in semiconductor structures under radiation exposure
  • 1Scientific research institute electronic engineering

    2Scientific research institute «Submicron»

    3Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov

    4Military educational scientific center air force «Air force academy named after professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Y. A. Gagarin»

    5Military Aerospace Defense Academy named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov

    6JSC «Ruselectronics»

  • The radiation impact of outer space has an impact on electronic equipment and their characteristics change. The paper considers the simulation of the process of motion of holes generated in the oxide, which cause local deformation of the potential field of the lattice. Jumps of polarons make the motion of holes dispersed and highly dependent on temperature and oxide thickness. The article presents the temperature dependences of the voltage shift after a single radiation pulse. When holes move to the Si/SiO2 interface, some of the holes are captured by traps. The effect of the influence of the capture cross section on the increase in holes in traps is noticeable in the electrical dependence of the increase in the number of oxide traps immediately after irradiation. The graphs of the dependence of the threshold voltage shift due to oxide traps on the electric field in the oxide are plotted in this work. Immediately after its appearance, the charge of oxide traps begins to be neutralized. To study this process, time, temperature, and electrical dependences are plotted, and the ratio of trapped electrons to the number of trapped holes is shown for dry and wet gate oxide technologies at different oxide thicknesses. Thus, the influence of temperature and radiation influences on the motions of holes and oxide traps in semiconductor structures is shown.
  • Ключевые слова — Electronic component base, semiconductors, outer space radiation impact, oxide traps, process modeling.

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  • С. 106-115.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-116-127

E.V. Raetskaya1

Algorithm for constructing control of a dynamical system in partial derivatives
  • 1Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • The structural analysis of the dynamical system described by the differential equation in partial derivatives is carried out. The problem is to transfer the system from the initial state to the final state. The difference of this problem from the classical one is the presence of two required vector functions: state and control. The control problem is solved: the properties of matrix coefficients and functions that imply complete controllability (or uncontrollability of the system) are revealed; a step-by-step algorithm for constructing control functions and the corresponding state for a fully controlled system is presented. The study is carried out by the algorithmic method of cascade decomposition, which consists in a stage-by-stage (step-by-step) transition from the original system to systems of ever-decreasing sizes, and which allows optimizing the process of numerical implementation of the controlled process. The practical implementation of the method does not require exact formulas for constructing matrix coefficients, which makes it possible to avoid cumbersome matrix transformations and get by with the change of variables procedure. The implementation of the method is based on the properties of the matrix coefficient at the derivative of one of the desired functions and is algorithmically implemented in forward and backward steps. Each case of a (zero, reversible or irreversible) coefficient is considered in detail and, in the case of an irreversible coefficient, the system is split into a hierarchically structured set of subsystems of the first and second levels in the process of implementing the forward move. Further, in order to reveal the properties of matrix coefficients, the procedure of structural analysis of the subsystem of the second level is implemented, which is quite similar to the original system, but in a space of lower dimension. The finite-dimensionality of the original spaces implies the complete realization of the forward decomposition in a finite number of steps, which does not exceed the dimension of the original space. Uncontrollability or complete controllability of the system at the last decomposition step is revealed. In the case of revealing the property of complete controllability of the system of splitting the last step, the reverse course of the algorithm is implemented: obtaining formulas for constructing the control function and the corresponding state function. Introduced method allows one to vary when constructing the desired vector functions: functions that satisfy given boundary conditions can be constructed in exponential, fractional-rational, polynomial form, or in any other form that best suits the needs of the study.
  • Ключевые слова — Algorithm, dynamic system, control, state, structural analysis, cascade decomposition method.

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  • С. 116-127.

DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-128-136

A.V. Tolkachev1, 2

Modeling and control of a chaotic process
  • 1Voronezh State University

    2Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named After G.F. Morozov

  • The article investigates problems related to the control of the dynamics of a system given by the Henon map with a hysteresis component included in it. In particular, possible modifications of the limit set (attractor) of the modified Henon map under hysteresis conditions are studied. The hysteresis element is formalized based on design approach by means of the Preisach model, which is approximated by a system consisting of a finite set of non-ideal relays. To analyze the dynamics, numerical simulation is carried out for various values of the model parameters, which are characterized by chaotic dynamics. For this purpose, a Python script has been developed that simulates the dynamics of the system under hysteresis conditions, and also processes the results to identify dynamic modes. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of strange attractors of the modified and classical Henot mappings is carried out. Next, we study the dynamics depending on the parameters of the modified Henon map. To detect various dynamic regimes, bifurcation diagrams were plotted, the high Lyapunov exponent was calculated based on the Rosenstein algorithm and the 0-1 test was produced depending on the system parameters, and the hysteresis nonlinearity parameter. Established, that hysteresis term regularize dynamics of the system compared to the classical map and changed in the position of bifurcation points in the space of system parameters.
  • Ключевые слова — Nonlinear dynamics, chaos, Henon map, hysteresis, Preisach model.

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DOI: 10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-136-148

A.S. Yagodkin1, V.K. Zolnikov1, T.V. Skvortsova1, A.V. Achkasov1, S.A. Kuznetsov1, F.V. Makarenko1

Development of algorithms and programs for the analysis of electrical characteristics BIS
  • 1Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

  • Modern mathematical models for automatic analysis of electrical characteristics of integrated circuits are considered. The requirements for the analysis programs are formulated. A comparative analysis of machine methods for calculating integrated circuits is carried out in terms of their accuracy, RAM volumes and calculation time. The features of the development of modern automation tools for designing integrated circuits are considered. One of the main tasks of designing an integrated circuit is a schematic analysis, which must be carried out both at the preliminary stage and after the development of the integrated circuit topology. However, it is possible to identify the main re-quirements that a modern analysis program must meet: reliability - stable calculation of a wide class of electronic circuits, obtaining solutions even for poorly conditioned tasks; high performance - this requirement is especially important when calculating BIS, in tasks of multivariate analysis, such as statistical analysis, and optimization; low costs of machine memory and expansion of the maximum permissible complexity of the analyzed circuits; flexibility, the possibility of making changes to the program, in particular, the replacement of mathematical models of circuit components, the introduction of new models, the improvement of the computational algorithm, the inclusion of the pro-gram in more complex programs, etc.; the availability of convenient input and output of initial information.
  • Ключевые слова — Integrated circuit, deterministic models, BIS, machine analysis method, diacoptics method, modeling and design processes, Gauss method.

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